基于多时间尺度和多源储能的综合能源系统能量协调优化调度

考虑源荷不确定性及储能设备配置对综合能源系统IES(integrated energy system)优化调度的影响,提出基于多时间尺度和多源储能的IES能量协调优化调度策略。该策略以系统运行经济最优、滚动控制时域内购能成本与储能惩罚成本之和最低以及设备输出功率调整量最小为目标,分别建立了日前、日内滚动和实时反馈3个时间尺度的优化调度模型。在日前考虑多种储能模式对IES经济性的影响;日内利用场景分析法描述滚动预测的不确定性来提高系统经济运行稳定性;再基于模型预测控制方法,构建日内与实时的反馈闭环优化,平抑由预测误差导致的系统功率波动。仿真结果表明:多源储能模式有助于提高IES的经济性;多时间尺度调度既可以保证IES运行的经济性,又能有效降低不确定性对系统实际运行的影响,减轻电网平抑功率波动负担。     

某能源公司安全管理效率评价

某能源股份有限公司是我国上市煤炭公司,为评价其安全管理效率,采用数据包络(DEA)分析方法,以员工人数、资产总额、安全生产费为投入指标,以原煤产量、百万吨煤死亡率为产出指标,对其2007—2018年间的安全管理效率进行了评价。结果显示,某能源公司在研究期间的安全管理效率较为低下,但近5年来有提升的趋势,2018年安全管理实现DEA有效;安全管理无效的主要原因为纯技术效率和规模效率低下。为提高安全管理效率,该企业应在安全投入资源的匹配性和安全投入规模的合理性两个方面采取针对性措施。     

Catalytic dehydrogenation of formic acid-triethanolamine mixture using copper nanoparticles

In a bid to complement the lost reserves from fossils, recent advances in research are tailored towards producing hydrogen as an alternative source of fuel which is aimed at fostering a globally sustainable and reliable energy-economy. In this work, hydrogen was produced from formic acid (FA) using a new technology that involves the use of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) supported on triethanolamine. The CuNP-catalysts of variant concentrations (i.e. 0.6–1.2 M) were synthesized using the conventional chemical deposition method. Also, a novel approach that bothers on the application of the Differential Method of Analysis (DMA) was used in determining the kinetic parameters for the FA-dehydrogenation. Based on the results, the volume of H₂ produced varied with time, pH, concentration and catalyst-size. At 6 h, the 1 M CuNPs gave the highest volume (815 mL) of hydrogen with corresponding pH, particle size and approximate conversion of 3.19, 1.5 nm and 100% respectively, whereas, over extended periods i.e. over 6 h, the approximate volume-conversions of FA increased insignificantly for all catalysts. According to the investigation, the optimum CuNP-catalyst concentration required to produce 815 mL H₂ in 6 h is 1 M. The decomposition was a first-order-type with a rate constant (k-value) of 1.0041 s⁻¹.     

磷矿浮选废水回用过程中结垢与阻垢试验研究

响应面回归分析法是优化实验条件的综合方法。本文将该方法用于分析动态条件下磷矿浮选回水结垢行为,和分析阻垢剂HEDP、PBTCA与ATMPA阻垢性能的影响因素是否存在交互作用。单因素试验表明,循环时间、回水流速和温度对结垢行为和阻垢剂的阻垢性能影响显著;响应曲面分析表明,循环时间、回水流速和温度两两之间交互作用不显著;回归分析拟合结果与实验实测值相关性高。通过响应曲面回归分析法对动态条件下结垢行为影响因子及其交互作用进行评价,不仅可减少试验工作量,还可对连续变量建立直观的响应曲面模型,为磷矿浮选废水回用领域结垢与阻垢的研究提供参考意义。     

一种射频抗电磁干扰的矿用红外温度传感器

设计了一种适用于复杂条件下实施井下温度探测的射频式红外温度传感器。借助于光学系统、光电探测器实时感应井下温度并提取温度信号,同时在DC-DC电源隔离模块中实施EMI滤波以抗电磁干扰,处理后的信号经过A/D转换、运算器放大后显示在LCD上,实施读取数据并记录在传感器的存储片上,实现了矿井复合灾害条件下的温度测试,测试精度控制在±2%。     

用于嵌入系统的超声电机驱动设计

为了在嵌入式控制系统中充分利用超声电机特有功能,对超声电机的驱动原理进行了研究,在分析了超声电机的驱动控制原理的基础上,提出了一种基于单片机控制超声电机的软硬件控制实现方法。利用单片机输出数字量作为控制信号,通过串行输入并行输出芯片扩展后,输出到超声电机驱动器,实现超声电机启动/停止/正反转的功能;通过扩展单片机数模转换,将单片机控制超声电机速度的数字信号转换为电压信号,实现超声电机的速度控制功能;利用运行脉冲宽度控制实现超声电机的位置控制功能,并将光电编码器实现超声电机的反馈,最后通过试验验证了单片机系统实现超声电机驱动设计。     

石油工程岩石强度与变形尺度效应研究现状综述与展望

岩石强度与变形存在显著的尺度效应,致使实验室尺度的岩样强度与变形测试结果不能直接应用于工程范围的大尺度岩体或微纳米级尺度的岩屑(矿物)。实现岩石强度与变形的跨尺度表征,即基于常规岩心测试手段,结合跨尺度表征方法来预测其他尺度的岩石力学参数和变形规律对于油气高效、经济、安全开采具有重要意义。本文在充分调研了国内外关于岩石强度与变形尺度效应研究的基础上,介绍了当前研究岩石强度与变形尺度效应的主要理论、主要认识和影响因素,并对石油工程领域岩石强度与变形尺度效应的研究方向进行了展望。     

Lignin from Annual Plants as Raw Material Source for Flavors and Basic Chemicals

The enzymatic conversion of lignins, possibly in combination with electrochemical oxidation, makes aromatics such as syringol, guaiacol, vanillin and catechol available in the qualities required by the fragrance industry. The lignins were obtained by soda digestion from wheat straw and Miscanthus, characterized and then converted with laccases. The overall yield amounted up to 9 wt % with a product spectrum confined to four substances. Catechol was the major product, with a fraction of ≈75 %. It can easily be isolated by extraction with acetone.     

Assessing the sustainable abilities of a pilot hybrid solar-pyrolysis energy system using emergy synthesis

With the increasingly serious global climate and energy problems, hybrid renewable energy systems have been widely developed. Sustainability of a pilot hybrid solar-pyrolysis energy system (HSPES) was evaluated using emergy analysis. The total emergy input of the system was 6.90E+15 sej/yr, and it was greatly dependent on the renewable resources from external environment. Suitable emergy indices such as unit emergy value, renewability, emergy yield ratio, environmental load rate, and emergy sustainability index, were introduced and analyzed in detail, with values of 7.45E+04 sej/J, 63.51%, 1.00, 0.57, and 1.74, respectively. The results showed that the system was more dependent on renewable resources, had less impact on the environment, and had relatively good sustainability, but the utilization of local resources was quite low. However, this system was relatively weak in the exploitation and utilization of local resources. On the basis of life cycle assessment and emergy analysis, the Pollutant Degradation Emergy (PDE) result of the system was 2.77E+14 sej/yr. There was no significant difference between the emergy indices results based on PDE and its original value, the pollutants emissions of the system did not show a significant impact on the results of selected emergy indices, and the impact of system pollutants on the environment was relatively weak.     

Multifunctional phase change microcapsules based on graphene oxide Pickering emulsion for photothermal energy conversion and superhydrophobicity

In order to enlarge the applications of microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs), the novel stearic acid (SA)@graphene oxide (GO)/melamine-formaldehyde (MF) multifunctional superhydrophobic microPCMs were prepared with the method of condensation polymerization. We have made a systematical study of the effects of GO content on the SA@GO/MF microPCMs. The morphology and chemical composition characterizations showed the successful fabrication of microcapsules. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) identified that microPCMs could store latent heat energy. According to the contact angles (CA) measurement, the microPCMs displayed the water contact angle of 160.2°, which possessed the superhydrophobic property. Moreover, the self-cleaning property of SA@GO/MF microPCMs was demonstrated by designing self-cleaning experiment. The simulated irradiation experiment showed the good photothermal conversion performance of microPCMs. Owing to photothermal energy conversion performance and superhydrophobicity, multifunctional phase change microcapsules could have vital potentials in energy conversion and self-cleaning.